Sunday, March 28, 2010

BOARD OF STUDIES HELPLINE NUMBER

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Important Announcement-Board of Studies Helpline Numbers

For quick redressal of students related queries, the Board of Studies can be

reached:Through Landlines:

  • 1800-200-2501(Toll Free Number )
  • 0120-3045908, 3045930,3045931,3045959

Through E-Mails:

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USEFULL ECONOMICS RESOURES

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 UP General Economics Collections

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USEFULL ECONOMICS RESOURES

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 UP General Economics Collections

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Saturday, March 27, 2010

ECONOMICS

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Economics is about choice; taking decisions in one's best interests given the constraints imposed by income, costs and time. It analyses how people, firms and governments obtain money and how their spending influence the production and distribution of goods and services. It emphasizes people's activities as they use their environment to produce goods and services and distribute them. Economists study how a society distributes scarce resources, such as land, labour, raw materials, and machinery, to produce goods and services. They conduct research, collect and analyze data, monitor economic trends, and develop forecasts. They research issues such as energy costs, inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, business cycles, taxes or employment levels.

Economists devise methods and procedures for obtaining the data. For example, sampling techniques may be used to conduct a survey and mathematical modeling techniques may be used to develop forecasts. Preparing reports, including tables and charts, on research results is an important part of an economist's job. The various specializations in economics are: Agricultural Economics, Financial Economics, Labour Economics, Industrial Economics, International Economics, Econo-metrics, Development Economics, Economics of Human Resource Development, Health Economics, Rural Economics and Development and Business Economics.


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Friday, March 26, 2010

TOFEL-PATTERN

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Internet-based Test (iBT)
TOEFL Internet-based test (iBT), ever since its introduction in late 2005 has progressively replaced both the (CBT) computer-based and (PBT) paper-based tests. The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers increased periodically till-date. The demand for test seats remains very high even after almost a year after the introduction of the test; candidates have to wait for months since short-term test dates are fully booked. The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring mainly one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require integration of these skills) and focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education environment.

The TOEFL Internet-based test emphasizes integrated skills and measures all four language skills, including speaking. The content on the test is authentic, and the language is consistent with that used in everyday, real academic settings. The test assesses proficiency of the candidates in all communication skills.

The test has four sections

Reading

Listening

Speaking

Writing

  • Reading measures the ability to understand academic reading matter.

  • Listening measures the ability to understand English as it is used in colleges and universities.

  • Speaking measures the ability to speak English.

  • Writing measures the ability to write in a way that is appropriate for college and university course work. Detailed
    descriptions and samples are available at the official website.

Computer-based Test (CBT)
The computer-based test was abolished on September 30th 2006. It is divided into four sections, measuring language proficiency in listening, structure (grammar), reading and writing.

1. Listening Comprehension (45-70 minutes)
Type of Questions: Conversations between two or more people in academic environments. Short conversations between students, and lectures may be possible conversations. Questions are basically of the who said what type.

2. Structure (grammar) (15-20 minutes)
Type of Questions: Identify the erroneous word(s) in the sentence. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate word.

3. Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary (70-90 minutes)
Type of Question: Questions are posed about content, intent of the author, and ideas inferred from each of the 3-4 passages given.

4. Essay Writing (30 minutes)
Type of Question: To write an essay on a given general topic, and take a position towards it.

The Listening and Structure sections are computer-adaptive, meaning that the difficulty level of each question depends on the correctness of previous responses. Three sub scores are obtained, each of which is given on a 0-30 scale: Listening, Structure/Writing (combined), and Reading. These sub scores are averaged to obtain the final score, which is in a 0-300 scale. The Writing score is also reported separately, on a 0-6 scale.

Paper-based Test (PBT)
In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given. The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT, albeit with some differences, noticeably the number of questions (which is higher in the PBT) and the score scales. The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677, and is based on three sub scores: Listening (31-68), Structure (31-68) and Reading (31-67). Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing section (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale from 0 to 6.

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) measures the ability of nonnative speakers of English to use and understand North American English as it is used in college and university settings. Scores on the test are required by more than 4,300 two- and four-year colleges and universities, professional schools, and sponsoring institutions.

The test is offered on computer throughout most regions of the world. In areas where access to computer-based testing is limited, a supplemental paper-and-pencil version of the test is administered.


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How To Crack AIEEE ?

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AIEEE Test Patterns
The AIEEE entrance test consists of two papers:

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First paper - Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics for BE and BTech courses [360 marks, 3 hours]
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Second paper - Mathematics, Aptitude Test and Drawing for Bachelor of Architecture and Bachelor of Planning academic programs [340 marks, 3 hours]

Syllabus for AIEEE Exam
Topics covered in Biology (Botany & Zoology)
The Living World, Unity of Life, Diversity of Life, Organism and Environment, Multicellularity : Structure and Function—Plant Life, Multicelluarity: Structure and Function—Animal Life, Continuity of Life, Origin and Evolution of Life, Application of Biology

Topics covered in Chemistry
Some Basic concepts, States of Matter, Atomic Structure, Solutions, Chemical Energetics and Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibrium, Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry, Rates of Chemical Reactions and Chemical Kinetics, Surface Chemistry, Chemical Families – Periodic Properties, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry of Non-metals – I, Chemistry of Non-Metals – II, Chemistry of lighter Metals, Heavy Metals, Chemistry of Representative Elements, Transition Metals including Lanthanides, Coordination Chemistry and Organo Metallics, Nuclear Chemistry, Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds, Some Basic Principles, Hyderocarbons, Organic Compounds Containing Halogens, Organic compounds containing Oxygen, Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen, Synthetic and Natural Polymers, Bio Molecules and Biological Processes, Chemistry in Action, Environmental Chemistry,

Topics covered in Physics
Units And Measurement, Description Of Motion In One Dimenstion, Description Of Motion In Two And Three Dimensions, Laws Of Motion, Work, Energy And Power, Rotational Motion And Moment Of Inertia, Gravitation, Solids And Fluids, Oscillations, Waves, Heat And Thermodynamics, Transference Of Heat, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Thermal And Chemical Effects Of Currents, Magnetic Effects Of Currents, Magnetostatics, Electromagnetic Induction And Alternating Currents, Ray Optics, Wave Optics, Electromagnetic Waves, Electron And Photons, Atoms, Molecules And Nuclei, Solids And Semi-Conductors Devices,

Aptitude Test In Architecture
Part I Awareness of persons, places, buildings etc. of Architectural importance. Visualising three dimensional objects from two dimensional drawings. Visualsing different sides of three dimensional objects. Identifying commonly used materials and objects based on their textural qualities and colour. Analytical reasoning Mental ability.
Part II Three dimensional perception. Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportion of objects, building forms and elements, colour texture, harmony and contrast.
Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms both 2D and 3D - union, substraction, rotation, development of surfaces and volumes; Generation of plan, elevations and 3D views of objects. Creating two dimensional and three dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.
Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urban-scape (public space, market, festivals, street scenes, monuments, recreational spaces etc.), landscape (river fronts, jungles, gardens, trees, plants etc.) and rural life.
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